【英语四级美文听力原文】2018年英语四级美文:The Origin of the Refrigerators

四六级考试 2021-06-24 点击:

四六级考试网免费发布2018年英语四级美文:The Origin of the Refrigerators,更多2018年英语四级美文相关信息请访问大学英语四六级考试网。

【导语】英语四级考试中,作文是考生复习的重点和难点,日常关注一些作文素材有助于作文得高分,下面是四六级频道为大家整理的《2018年英语四级美文:The Origin of the Refrigerators》一文,希望给大家带来帮助,预祝大家高分通过考试。

 1


  The Origin of the Refrigerators


  2


  By the mid-nineteenth century,


  3


  the term icebox had entered the American language,


  4


  but ice was still only beginning


  5


  to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States.


  6


  The ice trade grew with the growth of cities.


  7


  Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals,


  8


  and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat,


  9


  fresh fish, and butter.


  10


  After the Civil War (1861-1865),


  11


  as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars,


  12


  it also came into household use.


  13


  Even before 1880 half of the ice sold in New York,


  14


  Philadelphia, and Baltimore,


  15


  and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago,


  16


  went to families for their own use.


  17


  This had become possible because a new household convenience,


  18


  the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator,


  19


  had been invented.


  20


  Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose.


  21


  In the early nineteenth century,


  22


  the knowledge of the physics of heat,


  23


  which was essential to a science of refrigeration,


  24


  was rudimentary.


  25


  The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one


  26


  that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken,


  27


  for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.


  28


  Nevertheless,


  29


  early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets,


  30


  which kept the ice from doing its job.


  31


  Not until near the end of the nineteenth century


  32


  did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation


  33


  and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.


  34


  But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer,


  35


  Thomas Moore, had been on the right track.


  36


  When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market,


  37


  his butter, still fresh and hard in neat,


  38


  was worth one-pound a brick.


  39


  One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained,


  40


  was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night


  41


  in order to keep their produce cool.


【英语四级美文听力原文】2018年英语四级美文:The Origin of the Refrigerators

http://m.scabjd.com/yingyu/136695/

相关推荐

猜你喜欢

大家正在看